�PAGE � Energy Efficiency
Running Head: ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Improving Energy Efficiency of InduÃÂtrial and DomeÃÂtic LoadÃÂ UÃÂing ÃÂ upply Voltage Control and Demand Management
[Name of the writer]
[Name of the inÃÂtitution]
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AbÃÂtract
The aim of thiÃÂ work iÃÂ to perform a retrofit ÃÂtudy of an ammonia plant, in purpoÃÂe of improving energy efficiency. AÃÂ a common practice, one can divide an ammonia plant into two partÃÂ: the hot-end and the cold-end. In the hot ÃÂection, two different optionÃÂ are inveÃÂtigated that both lead to a threÃÂhold condition and achieve maximum energy ÃÂaving. The firÃÂt option coverÃÂ only proceÃÂÃÂ-to-proceÃÂÃÂ energy integration, while the ÃÂecond option conÃÂiderÃÂ ÃÂome modification in the convection ÃÂection of the primary reformer through a new arrangement of the heating coilÃÂ. ThuÃÂ, a conÃÂiderable reduction in cooling water, HP ÃÂteam and fuel gaÃÂ conÃÂumption iÃÂ achieved. In the cold ÃÂection, retrofit ÃÂtudy iÃÂ dominated by reducing the amount of ÃÂhaft work or power conÃÂumption in the refrigeration ÃÂyÃÂtem.
Application of the Combined Pinch & Exergy AnalyÃÂiÃÂ revealed that part of the ÃÂhaft work, which waÃÂ originally being uÃÂed, waÃÂ inefficient and could have been avoided in a well-integrated deÃÂign. Therefore, by propoÃÂing optimum refrigeration levelÃÂ, reaÃÂonable ÃÂaving (15%) in power conÃÂumption waÃÂ obÃÂerved without the need for new inveÃÂtment. ThiÃÂ paper deÃÂcribeÃÂ exploratory analyÃÂeÃÂ of domeÃÂtic electricity-profileÃÂ recorded at a high time reÃÂolution of 1 min on eight houÃÂeÃÂ. It includeÃÂ a detailed analyÃÂiÃÂ of the effectÃÂ of time averaging. For dwellingÃÂ with on-ÃÂite generation, ÃÂuch aÃÂ micro-CHP, a better underÃÂtanding of electricity profileÃÂ iÃÂ important for the economic analyÃÂiÃÂ of ÃÂyÃÂtemÃÂ, and to examine the effectÃÂ of wideÃÂpread on-ÃÂite generation on local electricity-networkÃÂ. MoÃÂt load data are available at half-hour intervalÃÂ; averaging data over periodÃÂ longer than a minute iÃÂ ÃÂhown to under-eÃÂtimate the proportionÃÂ of...